Hippocampal Damage

the hippocampus is located in the temporal lobe, it has a role in emotions and sexuality, it also contains "place" cells that construct mental maps of position, learning and remembering space. it is also the center of short term memory and it helps with the ability to increase the speed in learning new items

the memories are first processed in the hippocampus for a couple of weeks after that memory move to the ceribral cortex where they stay as long-term memory. people that had damage in the hippocampus had trouble making new memories but the old memories still in them, since the old memories are storage in the cerebral cortex and not in the hippocampus.

also the hippocampus is in charge of remembering spatial layouts and landmarks. in other words if a person with hippocampal damage, will have trouble knowing where they are and therefore get lost.